Hazırlanıyor...
Fuat AYDOĞDU

Fuat AYDOĞDU

Uzman Psikolojik Danışman

🇬🇧 EN
Sayıya Dön
Derleme Humanistic Perspective

Healing Mankind with Innocent Id, Strong Ego, and Compassionate Superego

Sevinç Mersin Özlem İbrahimoğlu
Akademik Künye
Dergi
Humanistic Perspective
Cilt · Sayı · Sayfa
Cilt 4 · Sayı 1 · s. 164–176
Tarih
28 Şubat 2022
DOI
10.47793/hp.1011979
Özet

Man is the most complex and elusive creature in the living world. For this reason, different views have been put forward by many scientists and philosophers in evaluating and understanding human beings. Basically, like all living things, the human is a creature consisting of molecules, cells and tissues, but also with successes, failures and defects, and has dreams and visions of his own. Human beings are the only creatures on earth that try to establish superiority over the environment in which they live, modify them according to their own needs, thus minimizing the differential pressure of natural selection. Human is in an unlimited need to know, learn and research. Although human is the most intelligent and talented creatures in the world with unlimited power to create, develop and change, he/she is actually a living being and a part of the world in which he/she lives. One of the aspects that makes human beings different from other living things is the awareness that they have continuity from the past to the future. The life strategy that distinguishes him/her from other living things is to determine his/her life consciously, not instinctively. Freud contributed to the clarification of human behaviours by creating the id, ego, and superego models. According to him, the id represents impulsivity and aggression, the ego represents reality, and the superego represents punishment, morality, and conscience. In this review, it is aimed to develop suggestions for the functionality of id, ego and superego functions for the human to understand, realize and develop oneself. Keywords: id, ego, superego, mankind

Anahtar Kelimeler
Ego Süperego İnsanoğlu
Abstract

Man is the most complex and elusive creature in the living world. For this reason, different views have been put forward by many scientists and philosophers in evaluating and understanding human beings. Basically, like all living things, the human is a creature consisting of molecules, cells and tissues, but also with successes, failures and defects, and has dreams and visions of his own. Human beings are the only creatures on earth that try to establish superiority over the environment in which they live, modify them according to their own needs, thus minimizing the differential pressure of natural selection. Human is in an unlimited need to know, learn and research. Although human is the most intelligent and talented creatures in the world with unlimited power to create, develop and change, he/she is actually a living being and a part of the world in which he/she lives. One of the aspects that makes human beings different from other living things is the awareness that they have continuity from the past to the future. The life strategy that distinguishes him/her from other living things is to determine his/her life consciously, not instinctively. Freud contributed to the clarification of human behaviours by creating the id, ego, and superego models. According to him, the id represents impulsivity and aggression, the ego represents reality, and the superego represents punishment, morality, and conscience. In this review, it is aimed to develop suggestions for the functionality of id, ego and superego functions for the human to understand, realize and develop oneself. Keywords: id, ego, superego, mankind

Keywords
Id ego superego mankind
Kaynakça

  1. Arendt, H. (1996). Geçmişle gelecek arasında. (Çev. Şener, B. S.). İletişim Yayınları.

  2. Asyifa, U. N., & Suharyati, H. (2019). The main character’s anxiety disorder in the novel blue skies by Catherine Anderson. Journal Albion: Journal of English Literature, Language, and Culture, 1(1), 1-6. https://doi: 10.33751/albion.v1i1.1117

  3. Badawi, J. (1989). The earth and humanity: A muslim view. In Three Faiths—One God (pp. 87-98). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09434-9_10

  4. Bourget, D., & Chalmers, D. J. (2014). What do philosophers believe? Philosophical Studies, 170(3), 465-500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-013-0259-7

  5. Bribiescas, R. G. (2020). Aging, life history, and human evolution. Annual Review of Anthropology, 49, 101-121. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-010220-074148

  6. Bucaille, M. (1980). The Qur'an & modern science (No 2). Peace Vision.

  7. Burgess, R. L. (2005). Evolutionary theory and human development. In R. L. Burgess & K. MacDonald (Eds.), Evolutionary perspectives on human development (pp. 1-20). Sage Publications.

  8. Desmet, P., & Fokkinga, S. (2020). Beyond Maslow’s pyramid: Introducing a typology of thirteen fundamental needs for human-centered design. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 4(3), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti4030038

  9. Esenyel, M. Z. (2012). What is the function of man with regard to being a man? An Aristotelian View. Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Philosophy, 18, 209-220.

  10. Fleischer, L. (2020). The corruptibility of the superego revisited. Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis, 28(1), 86-106.

  11. Freud, S. (1923). The Ego and The Id. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

  12. Friedman, N. P., Rhee, S. H., Ross, J. M., Corley, R. P., & Hewitt, J. K. (2021). Genetic and environmental relations of executive functions to antisocial personality disorder symptoms and psychopathy. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 163, 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.12.007

  13. Gfellner, B. M., & Cordoba, A. I. (2017). Identity problems, ego strengths, perceived stress, and adjustment during contextual changes at university. Identity, 17(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2016.1268961

  14. Giandomenico, S. L., & Lancaster, M. A. (2017). Probing human brain evolution and development in organoids. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 44, 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2017.01.001

  15. Giorgi, A. (2020). Psychology as a human science: A phenomenologically based approach. Professors Press.

  16. Hayashi, H., Takei, Y., Fujimori, A., Takeuchi, I., & Hono, T. (2017). Differences in ego functions between those with tendency to atypical depression and those with tendency to melancholic depression. Psychology, 8(11), 1657. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych. 2017.811109

  17. Husain, M. Z., & Liebertz, S. (2019). Hitler, Stalin, and Authoritarianism: A comparative analysis. Journal of Psychohistory, 47(1), 18-37.

  18. Karakaya, G. (2017). Plato’s human figure in accordance with democracy. Anasay, 2, 155-165.

  19. Kärkkäinen, V. M. (2015). Creation and humanity: A constructive Christian theology for the pluralistic world. William B. Erdmans Publishing.

  20. Kellerman, A. (2014). The satisfaction of human needs in physical and virtual spaces. The Professional Geographer, 66(4), 538-546. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00330124.2013. 848760

  21. Kılıç, Y. (2012). Man Between Past and Future. Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Philosophy, 19, 77-90.

  22. Lantz, S. E., & Ray. S. (2020). Freud developmental theory. Stat Pearls Publishing, 2020.

  23. Lapsley, D. K., & Stey, P. C. (2011). Id, ego, and superego. Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, 1-9.

  24. Lim, J. N. (2019). The death of innocence [Doctoral Thesis]. University of Auckland.

  25. Mehdiyev, G. (2018). Communication with the child: Edifying Humanbeing. Bingöl University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 8(16), 613-624.

  26. Middleton, J. R. (2014). A new heaven and a new earth: Reclaiming biblical eschatology. Baker Academic.

  27. Molnár, Z., Clowry, G. J., Šestan, N., Alzu’bi, A., Bakken, T., Hevner, R. F., Hüppi, P. S., Kostović, I., Rakic, P., Anton, E. S., Edwards, D., Garcez, P., Hoerder‐Suabedissen, A., & Kriegstein, A. (2019). New insights into the development of the human cerebral cortex. Journal of Anatomy, 235(3), 432–451. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13055

  28. Ögcem, E. (2020). Human being in the context of subject or object of his action. The Journal of Islamic Civilization Studies, 5(12), 29-57. https://doi.org/10.20486/imad.741202

  29. Özbek, M. (2007). Dünden bugüne insan. İmge Press.

  30. Passer, M. W. & Smith, R. E. (2004). Psychology: The science of mind and behavior (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

  31. Pec, O., Lysaker, P. H., Probstova, V., Leonhardt, B. L., Hamm, J. A., & Bob, P. (2020). The psychotherapeutic treatment of schizophrenia: Psychoanalytical explorations of the metacognitive movement. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-020-09452-w

  32. Rennie, B. S. (1995). The religious creativity of modern humanity: Some observations on Eliade's unfinished thought. Religious Studies, 31(2), 221-235. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412500023519

  33. Rennison, N. (2015). Freud and psychoanalysis: Everything you need to know about id, ego, super-ego and more. Oldcastle Books.

  34. Rose, N. (2008). Psychology as a social science. Subjectivity, 25(1), 446-462. https://doi.org/10.1057/sub.2008.30

  35. Scheler, M. (1998). İnsanın kosmostaki yeri. (Çev. Tepe, H.). Ayraç Yayınları.

  36. Siddiqui, M. (2011). Being human in Islam. In M. Ipgrave & D. Marshall (Eds.), Humanity: Texts and contexts: Christian and Muslim perspectives (pp. 15-21). Georgetown University Press.

  37. Tang, H. (2018). Id: An animation with an environment about the ego and the id. ProQuest LLC

  38. Tarhan, N. (2014). Şiddetin Psikososyopolitik Boyutu, Şiddet Karşısında İslam içinde (77-132). DİB Yayınları.

  39. Taylor, M. J., Martin, J., Lu, Y., Brikell, I., Lundström, S., Larsson, H., & Lichtenstein, P. (2019). Association of genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders and traits of these disorders in a Swedish population twin sample. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(3), 280-289. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3652

  40. Tceluiko, D. S. (2019). Influence of Shamanism, Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism on development of traditional Chinese gardens. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 687(5), 055041. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/687/5/055041

  41. Teusch, R. K. (2020). Abstracts from the German Journal Psyche: Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und Ihre Anwendungen, Theme: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 89(1), 179-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332828.2020.1688582

  42. Ticktin, M. (2017). A world without innocence. American Ethnologist, 44(4), 577-590. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12558

  43. Tomasello, M. (2018). A natural history of human thinking. Harvard University Press.

  44. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri, 2021, Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2021. https://sozluk.gov.tr/

  45. Twain, M. (2019). İnsan nedir? (Çev. İpekçi, E. D.). Dedalus Yayınevi.

  46. Vannelli, R. (2001). Evolutionary theory and human nature. Kluwer Academic Publisher.

  47. Weinberg, I., & Ronningstam, E. (2020). Dos and don'ts in treatments of patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 34(Supplement), 122-142. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.122

  48. Wildman, W. J. (1998). A theological challenge: Coordinating biological, social, and religious visions of humanity. Zygon, 33(4), 571-597. https://doi.org/10.1111/0591-2385.00175

  49. Yakeley, J., & Burbridge-James, W. (2018). Psychodynamic approaches to suicide and self-harm. BJPsych Advances, 24(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1192/bja.2017.6